1. It thwarts productivity     
   The first thing most employees do in the morning is to check if they have any important emails. Undoubtedly, they do – but these are often buried among a slew of customer queries, spam emails, company newsletters, messages from business partners, employee announcements, HR updates and IT memos. According to one study, wading through these emails to find the vital pieces of information can take employees up to two-and-a-half hours every day.  The need to constantly check emails can interrupt employee thinking processes and break the vital concentration they need to keep their workflow going. This can slow down projects at every step with the hours adding up dramatically over each project’s lifetime. Worse, the need to be permanently online can mean this is happening with personal emails too.
   
   
2. It slows down collaboration       
   For one-to-one communication, email retains a powerful role. But in groups, it’s seldom efficient. Email threads where some are always included, and others seldom lead to email dead-ends, lost information and uninformed team members. Even if you are kept in the loop, it can still be confusing. Is the version of the document in your inbox the latest one? Or has it been updated by someone else on another thread?
   
   
3. It’s damaging staff mental health
   The two challenges above lead directly to a third, perhaps more dangerous one – an attack on employee mental health. The need to constantly be available, connected and ready-to-reply is exhausting and can lead some employees into anxiety or depression. Humans simply aren’t wired to have their attention constantly divided. No wonder email overload can lead to a notable decrease in our ability to function, with one study suggesting this to be the equivalent of a 10-point drop in IQ.
   
   
4. It’s a threat to your safety
   The internet is full of scam artists, criminals and opportunists – all of whom are trying to find a way to steal your data and/or your cash. While antiviruses and firewalls may offer protection from many forms of attack, they can’t protect from everything. According to Seacom, 40% of cyber events that result in loss are Business Email Compromise (BEC) scams. BECs – emails designed to trick staff into giving up vital information or downloading malicious software – result in an estimated R53bn in global company losses each year.

Pound of flesh
Depending on the type of business entity you establish, different tax rates and rules apply. On the flip side, certain tax incentives and opportunities to reduce the administrative burden may be available.  Legal entities like private companies, close corporations (CCs) and non-profits are automatically registered with SARS for corporate income tax when they register with the Companies and Intellectual Property Commission (CIPC).  This is not required for a non-legal entity like a sole proprietorship or partnership. In these cases, the owner or partners are taxed in their individual capacities on their share of taxable profits. Certain tax rebates and credits apply, which can reduce overall tax liability.  Legal entities may qualify for different tax incentives and preferential rates like the turnover tax system, the small business corporation (SBC) incentive, or accelerated deprecation relief available in Urban Development Zones.          

Corporate Income Tax (CIT)
Every business (legal entity or individual) is liable for income tax. But the rates of taxation – and the rules – can vary widely.

• For companies (including CCs) the standard corporate tax rate is 27%. In addition to filing an annual return, companies are required to submit provisional tax returns twice a year – and to make the required payments on time.
• Turnover tax is a possible alternative for sole proprietors, partnerships, CCs and companies with a qualifying annual turnover not exceeding R1 million. This simplified annual tax, calculated on your turnover, replaces income tax, provisional tax, VAT, capital gains tax and dividends withholding tax (if the annual dividend does not exceed R200,000). This substantially reduced administrative burden is a significant benefit for small businesses. The first R335,000 of annual turnover is tax exempt – and the highest tax rate is just 3%.         
• Qualifying companies may register as a small business corporation (SBC) for additional tax incentives, including a tax exemption for the first R95,750 of annual taxable income, and a reduced corporate tax rate up to a taxable income of R550,000.

Employee taxes
Every employer must register for pay-as-you-earn (PAYE), deduct it from remuneration paid to employees (along with Unemployment Insurance Fund contributions) and pay it over to SARS. Once annual salaries, wages and other remuneration exceed R500,000, the Skills Development Levy (SDL) also becomes payable.  As an employer, you must submit monthly returns and payments to SARS. There are also two compulsory reconciliations during the year.  Some relief is available through the Employment Tax Incentive (ETI), allowing for a reduction in PAYE for qualifying companies that employ young people.     

VAT (Value Added Tax)
VAT registration becomes compulsory if the value of invoices raised by an entity (or is expected to be raised due to a written contractual obligation) exceeds R1 million in any consecutive 12-month period.  Your business can also choose to register for VAT voluntarily. This will benefit businesses with sizeable VAT input claims.  New businesses should factor in the increased administrative requirements of VAT registration and compliance. There are also cashflow implications as your business has a VAT liability before payments on invoices are received – a significant risk if invoices are paid later than expected.         

Other taxes that may apply

• Companies that import or export goods must be registered (and will be liable) for customs and excise taxes.      
• A dividends tax of 20% must be withheld by the company and paid to SARS when its shareholders earn dividends.  
• Depending on the industry and the specific business activities, further taxes such as carbon tax, sugar tax, transfer duties, and Capital Gains Tax (CGT) may be applicable.    

Tax implications for business owners
Business owners who pay themselves a salary will already be paying PAYE. If there are no additional income streams, they don’t need to register for provisional tax.  If, however, a business owner receives any other income in addition to this salary, whether from another source, or dividends or investment income from the business, registration as a provisional taxpayer may be necessary if the requirements of the provisional taxpayer definition are met.

New business owners often can’t draw a salary for some time. Personal expenses paid by the company can be allocated to a loan account, or the owner can draw down a loan. These expenses will unfortunately not be deductible for CIT purposes.